Education

Research Description

Nonpoint source pollution prevention and treatment • Restoration ecology • Stormwater management • Stream assessment •Sustainable landscaping

Publications

Determining the costs, revenues, and cost-share payments for the “floodwise” program: Nature-based solutions to mitigate flooding in eastern, rural North Carolina

Hovis, M., Cubbage, F., Hollinger, J. C., Shear, T., Doll, B., Kurki-Fox, J. J., … Potter, T. (2022), Nature-Based Solutions, 2, 100016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2022.100016

Estimating Changes in Peak Flow and Associated Reductions in Flooding Resulting from Implementing Natural Infrastructure in the Neuse River Basin, North Carolina, USA

Kurki-Fox, J. J., Doll, B. A., Line, D. E., Baldwin, M. E., Klondike, T. M., & Fox, A. A. (2022), WATER, 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091479

Soil infiltration rates are underestimated by models in an urban watershed in central North Carolina, USA

Bergeson, C. B., Martin, K. L., Doll, B., & Cutts, B. B. (2022), JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, 313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115004

The flood reduction and water quality impacts of watershed-scale natural infrastructure implementation in North Carolina, USA

Kurki-Fox, J., Doll, B. A., Line, D. E., Baldwin, M. E., Klondike, T. M., & Fox, A. A. (2022), ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2022.106696

Natural Infrastructure Practices as Potential Flood Storage and Reduction for Farms and Rural Communities in the North Carolina Coastal Plain

Hovis, M., Hollinger, J. C., Cubbage, F., Shear, T., Doll, B., Kurki-Fox, J. J., … Potter, T. (2021), SUSTAINABILITY, 13(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169309

A Framework for Planning and Evaluating the Role of Urban Stream Restoration for Improving Transportation Resilience to Extreme Rainfall Events

Doll, B., Kurki-Fox, J. J., & Line, D. E. (2020), Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061620

Can the Stream Quantification Tool (SQT) Protocol Predict the Biotic Condition of Streams in the Southeast Piedmont (USA)?

Donatich, S., Doll, B., Page, J., & Nelson, N. (2020), Water, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051485

Flood Flow Frequency Analysis to Estimate Potential Floodplain Nitrogen Treatment during Overbank Flow Events in Urban Stream Restoration Projects

Doll, B. A., Kurki-Fox, J. J., Page, J. L., Nelson, N. G., & Johnson, J. P. (2020), Water, 12(6), 1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061568

Can rapid assessments predict the biotic condition of restored streams?

Doll, B., Jennings, G., Spooner, J., Penrose, D., Usset, J., Blackwell, J., & Fernandez, M. (2016), Water, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/w8040143

Identifying watershed, landscape, and engineering design factors that influence the biotic condition of restored streams

Doll, B., Jennings, G., Spooner, J., Penrose, D., Usset, J., Blackwell, J., & Fernandez, M. (2016), Water, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/w8040151

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Grants

Water Quality Monitoring for Riverside High School Stormwater Ponds

NC Clean Water Management Trust Fund(2/01/22 - 12/31/24)

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Water Quality Monitoring for Riverside High School Stormwater Ponds

Sponsor: NC Clean Water Management Trust Fund

Start Date: 2/01/22

End Date: 12/31/24

Abstract

NC State University will conduct water quality monitoring to support a paired watershed study of two ponds located at Riverside High School in Durham, N.C. The two existing stormwater ponds were constructed in approximately 1990 and drain watersheds nearly equal in size (approximately 52 acres) and development characteristics. One pond is completely breached and the other is currently at a high risk of failure due to outlet clogging combined with an overgrowth of trees on the earthen embankment. The Durham Soil & Water Conservation District will restore one pond to its original condition while the second pond will be retrofitted with several modern stormwater enhancements (e.g. littoral shelf with wetland plants, forebay, deep and shallow water zones, secondary spillways, and reuse of water). Prior to the retrofit and repair work, NCSU will install automated samplers to monitor water quality during both base flow and storm flow for a one-year calibration period. Following the repair and retrofit work, sampling will be restarted and continue for 12-18 months to assess the effectiveness of the pond enhancements.

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Eastern NC Community Floodprints: Accelerating Rural Recovery & Resilience

US Dept. of Housing & Urban Development (HUD)(1/01/22 - 12/30/24)

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Eastern NC Community Floodprints: Accelerating Rural Recovery & Resilience

Sponsor: US Dept. of Housing & Urban Development (HUD)

Start Date: 1/01/22

End Date: 12/30/24

Abstract

Rivers are the lifeblood of the communities throughout eastern North Carolina. The communities that occupy the edges of waterways owe their location and existence to the abundant resources provided by their corresponding rivers, tributaries, and floodplains. These natural features have made lasting physical and cultural impressions that continue to shape and influence both local community and greater region. Recognizing that rivers and communities are inseparable, the processes and products outlined in the following proposal are guided by a process referred to as a “floodprint”— a landscape planning approach developed by the NC State University Coastal Dynamics Design Lab that addresses land/water relationships, including the powerful forces associated with flooding. The goal of each Community Floodprint is to help increase social and physical resilience within their respective focus area(s), specifically through recommending strategies that reduce flood risk, improve public safety, and enhance long-term environmental function within historically flood-prone areas. All aspects of the process aspire to co-create actionable plans used to attract resources that enable communities to forge ahead through the difficult tasks of rebuilding and preparing for future natural disasters.

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Validating Positive Openness Raster Data for Indicating Locations of Streambed Incision and Streambank Erosion in the Mine Creek Watershed, Raleigh, N.C.

City of Raleigh(10/19/21 - 6/01/22)

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Validating Positive Openness Raster Data for Indicating Locations of Streambed Incision and Streambank Erosion in the Mine Creek Watershed, Raleigh, N.C.

Sponsor: City of Raleigh

Start Date: 10/19/21

End Date: 6/01/22

Abstract

The goal of this project is to validate the ability of the USGS positive openness raster dataset to identify streams that may be good candidates for restoration because of active bank erosion and instability in urban and suburban watersheds. In addition, this project will assess erosion potential and measure erosion rates along the most unstable streambanks in the watershed in order to estimate the potential sediment load resulting from streambank erosion. The test of the USGS positive openness dataset will cover the City of Raleigh, including Mine Creek watershed. Located in North Raleigh, Mine Creek drains into Shelley Lake and has a watershed is about 10 square miles in size and contains approximately 43 miles of streams. Tasks and deliverables associated with this scope of services include cross-section surveys, reachwide BEHI data assessment compilation, data analysis, and the development and presentation of a final report.

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Validating Positive Openness Raster Data for Indicating Locations of Streambed Incision and Streambank Erosion in the Mine Creek Watershed, Raleigh, N.C.

NCSU WRRI Storm Water Consortium (SWC)(3/01/21 - 5/31/22)

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Validating Positive Openness Raster Data for Indicating Locations of Streambed Incision and Streambank Erosion in the Mine Creek Watershed, Raleigh, N.C.

Sponsor: NCSU WRRI Storm Water Consortium (SWC)

Start Date: 3/01/21

End Date: 5/31/22

Abstract

NCSU will test the US Geological Survey's positive openness dataset for its ability to identify eroding streams in urban and suburban watersheds. The test will be conducted on the Mine Creek watershed. USGS has provided mapped locations using positive openness principles indicating areas of high and very high likelihood of incised channels for the Mine Creek drainage network. Twenty-five stream locations will be identified that are easily accessible from the network of greenways and public open spaces. The locations will include high, very high and no signal for likelihood of erosion based on the positive openness raster dataset provided by USGS. Each location will be visited to confirm the streambank condition. In addition, photos will be collected at each location and a streambank erosion potential assessment will be conducted. Six (6) locations will be selected to establish permanent cross-sections at streambanks that are experiencing the most severe erosion. These cross sections will be surveyed at the time they are established using a total station and again one year later to record the rate of erosion. A total annual estimate of the sediment load from streambank erosion that could be carried downstream to Shelley Lake will be calculated from the site measurements combined with the geospatial analysis.

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Engaging Partners to Evaluate Plastics Loading to the Pamlico Sound from Urban and Rural Lands via the Neuse River in North Carolina

NCSU Sea Grant Program(5/01/20 - 1/31/23)

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Engaging Partners to Evaluate Plastics Loading to the Pamlico Sound from Urban and Rural Lands via the Neuse River in North Carolina

Sponsor: NCSU Sea Grant Program

Start Date: 5/01/20

End Date: 1/31/23

Abstract

Plastics currently comprise the bulk of marine debris. Over the last decade, researchers have documented the proliferation of plastics (both macro and micro) in aquatic environments around the globe. However, little sampling and quantification of plastics in North Carolina coastal rivers and estuaries has been conducted. Recent research results vary considerably, both spatially and temporally, and sample collection procedures and reporting methods also differ widely. North Carolina Sea Grant in partnership with other university programs and environmental groups proposes to conduct a variety of field sampling protocols for both macro and micro plastics in the Neuse River Basin. Specifically, netting, trawling and/or regular trash removal from gridded sample sites will be implemented over a one year period at 15 US Geological Survey stream gage monitoring sites in the basin. The purpose of this effort is to better understand the concentration and loadings of plastics reaching the lower Neuse River and entering the Pamlico Sound. This work will enable us to determine the relative contributions based on the scale and land-use characteristics of the watersheds and the sampling protocols that best fit North Carolina waterways based on their size, flow and access.

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Characterizing Water Quality Status, Trends and Potential Watershed Management Opportunities from NPDES Stormwater Data

NC Clean Water Management Trust Fund(9/16/20 - 1/31/23)

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Characterizing Water Quality Status, Trends and Potential Watershed Management Opportunities from NPDES Stormwater Data

Sponsor: NC Clean Water Management Trust Fund

Start Date: 9/16/20

End Date: 1/31/23

Abstract

The proposed research will utilize geospatial and statistical analyses combined with water quality modeling to evaluate a large water quality database for streams located within the City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. The data will be provided by Charlotte-Mecklenburg Stormwater Services (CMSWS) including 15 years of monthly grab samples, data from automated ISCO samplers, data collected at YSI monitoring stations and annual macroinvertebrate data. The overall goal of the proposed project is to identify future monitoring, management and planning decisions that North Carolina municipalities can employ to better protect and restore urban stream water quality. To achieve this goal, extensive statistical analyses and watershed modeling will be conducted. In addition, contemporary watershed models and watershed pollutant load estimation tools will be employed to individual sub-watersheds of specific stream sampling locations in order to identify which models and tools best predict water quality of Charlotte’s highly urbanized streams.

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Predicting Roadway Washout Locations During Extreme Rainfall Events

NC Department of Transportation(1/01/21 - 9/30/23)

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Predicting Roadway Washout Locations During Extreme Rainfall Events

Sponsor: NC Department of Transportation

Start Date: 1/01/21

End Date: 9/30/23

Abstract

Recent extreme rainfall events have revealed the transportation network’s vulnerabilities to road washouts. Currently, NC DOT reacts to these problems as are reported from the field. This inability to predict where washouts are likely to occur leads to long response times and inefficient positioning of resources. The availability of high quality statewide elevation data, historical rainfall records and advances in computer processing presents the opportunity to modify and develop programs to predict where washouts are likely to occur during extreme rainfall events. The purpose of this project is to develop models and test several approaches for predicting crossing washouts based on forecasted rainfall. A team of NCSU BAE engineers will first characterize and analyze historical washouts during extreme events. Then, detailed HEC-HMS models will be developed and calibrated and validated for one watershed in each physiographic region. A user interface will be created to run the models using forecasted rainfall, relate the predicted discharge to potential washouts using water surface elevation-discharge relationships, and then output the results for display in a GIS map. The model output for a large number of historical events will then be used to test different machine learning algorithms for their ability to predict discharge and potential washout locations. The information on historical washouts and the model predictions will be used to develop a network of “safe” routes for each watershed. The results will help determine if existing hydrologic models can be leveraged to accurately predict potential washout locations and to evaluate if machine learning technology can be employed for accurate flood prediction. This project has the potential to substantially enhance NC DOT’s ability to respond to storm events and position resources appropriately. Results will be disseminated in NC DOT meetings, a training workshop for NC DOT personnel, and through extension factsheets and academic publications.

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Quantifying and Predicting Streambank Erosion in the Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge Physiographic Regions of Virginia to Benefit Eastern Hellbender Populations

US Dept. of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA NRCS)(10/25/19 - 7/31/22)

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Quantifying and Predicting Streambank Erosion in the Ridge and Valley and Blue Ridge Physiographic Regions of Virginia to Benefit Eastern Hellbender Populations

Sponsor: US Dept. of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA NRCS)

Start Date: 10/25/19

End Date: 7/31/22

Abstract

NCSU will conduct streambank erosion studies along 16 eroded stream reaches in the Ridge and Valley (Clinch, Powell and Holston Rivers) and Blue Ridge (New River) physiographic regions of Virginia. The purpose of this work is to help prioritize implementation of conservation practices through the NRCS Working Lands for Wildlife and EQIP Program that will prioritized for protecting and improving habitat for the Eastern Hellbender population. The BANCS model (Bank Assessment for Non-point Source Consequences of Sediment) and annual streambank measurements will be conducted in order to develop a regional streambank erosion rate curve for each physiographic region. The erosion rating curve will be used to provide an estimate of sediment loading from streambank erosion in Eastern Hellbender watersheds. In addition, streambank sediment will be sampled and laboratory analyses will be performed to determine the associated load of nutrients from streambank erosion.

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Designing Toward Implementation: Lumberton Floodprint Phase 2

NC Community Foundation(7/25/19 - 4/25/21)

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Designing Toward Implementation: Lumberton Floodprint Phase 2

Sponsor: NC Community Foundation

Start Date: 7/25/19

End Date: 4/25/21

Abstract

The requested funding will advance recovery and rebuilding activities within two Lumberton Floodprint focus areas: 1) Meadow Branch Floodway Restoration adjacent to the Best Drive neighborhood, and 2) Repurposing the Scottish Meatpacking Plant property into an environmental outreach and education amenity associated with the Lumber River State Park and/or NC Wildlife Resource Commission. The funding will support research, engagement, design, and communication activities including, but not limited to: [1] a minimum of three (3) community workshops to elicit participation and input from neighborhood residents and two (2) meetings with city council/staff; [2] hydrologic modeling and development of schematic restoration concepts for Meadow Branch; [3] development of schematic design alternatives for both project areas to be used by the city as evidence/leverage for seeking larger implementation grants and to inform respective requests for proposals (RFPs); and [4] continued evaluation of issues and opportunities related to both Hurricane Matthew and Hurricane Florence impacts (i.e., FEMA flood map updates, incorporation of new property acquisition data, etc.), including associated updates and revisions to the Lumberton Floodprint.

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Evaluating the Capacity of Natural Infrastructure for Flood Abatement at the Watershed Scale

Environmental Defense Fund(5/20/19 - 2/19/20)

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Evaluating the Capacity of Natural Infrastructure for Flood Abatement at the Watershed Scale

Sponsor: Environmental Defense Fund

Start Date: 5/20/19

End Date: 2/19/20

Abstract

Upper Coastal Plain communities have been plagued by flooding. Flash flooding along tributaries of the major rivers is an issue along with riverine flooding. NC Sea Grant and the Biological & Agricultural Engineering Department will conduct a study to identify and evaluate potential mitigation measures that could be taken to lessen the impacts of flooding across a range of storm event return periods. The objective of the proposed work is to evaluate the capacity of the large-scale implementation of natural infrastructure projects to mitigate flooding. This will be completed by conducting modeling case studies in two small Coastal Plain watersheds in the City of Goldsboro to evaluate the potential to decrease peak flow and lower water surface elevation (WSE) by converting agricultural land to timberland and restoring floodplains. Specifically, this project will seek to identify how much land conversion and restoration is needed to have a significant reduction in tributary flow and associated flood stage, and to identify the largest storm event at which these efforts can be expected to have a significant impact.

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