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Animal Waste Management in the Department of Biological and Agriclutural Engineering
Bio&Ag | Extension | Animal Waste Mangt. | Emergency Mangt. |

AWM Floods and Animals & Farm Buildings

This NC Extension page provides information and links about animal waste management as it pertains to Animals and Animal Housing after a flood. This page is presented by the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering in conjunction with the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Waste Management Programs at NC State University.

Checklist

Checklist of items to be aware of before attempting to re-open flooded buildings for animal or bird housing:

Personal Safety

Integrity of Building

Manure / Mortality

Building Preparations

Equipment

Watering System

Feeding System

Lagoons

Irrigation and Land Application Equipment

Other Resources

PDF Version

Photo of a damaged livestock building showing receeding water around it and also shows the water line left on the building at the height of flooding

Many livestock and poultry farms in North Carolina suffered substantial animal loss and production building damage due to Hurricane Floyd in 1999. Hurricanes and coastal flooding issues are common threats along the Carolina coastlines. The resultant Floyd flooding provided many lessons for North Carolina farmers and government agencies pertaining to animal housing, animal mortality and rebuilding.

After Floyd's devastation many farmers had questions and decisions to make once the flood waters had receded. The main question asked was.... Are my facilities worth salvaging and remodeling, or do I build new facilities? Each farm had a certain amount of site specificity regarding clean-up. Right is a checklist of items to be aware of during flood clean-up.

Photo of pigs and cows in water as deep as a cows leg.The most important is to ensure that the building is safe for humans to enter. Then the welfare of the surviving animals must be considered (feed, water, ventilation, etc). and Finally, ask yourself what is needed to repopulate the buildings? Don't rush to right things take some time to stop and think through what you are assessing before taking action. In many cases, a trained professional must be contacted to ensure the safety and restorability of flood damaged facilities. See: National Ag Safety Database http://nasdonline.org/----- use search word FLOOD.

Personal Safety Before Entering Any Flooded Building / Facility

  • If electrical power is still available at the farm, shut it off before entering or working around where there may be live power.

  • Shut off valves to all petroleum tanks.

  • Until all power sources have been shut off or stabilized and buildings well ventilated, do not smoke or have open flames near buildings or fuel sources.

  • LP gas or above-ground gasoline/diesel storage tanks may have floated from their foundations. If so, they should be secured and any damage to valves, fittings, lines or meters should be repaired by qualified professionals.

  • If hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is smelled (rotten egg odor), leave immediately. Return only with appropriate respiration apparatus.

  • Lower all side or end wall curtains, and if a generator is present, ventilate the building before entering or working in it.

  • Check for obvious structural damage; e.g., building shift from foundation, eroded or damaged earthen floors or foundation walls.

Inspect Structural Integrity of Building

  • Check for racking or stresses in structural members, exposed ends of structural members, loosened trusses or roof members, large cracks in masonry walls. Specifically, examine nailed joints for signs of movement. Assessment of questionable damage and repairs should be made by qualified professionals.

  • The foundation of upright silos may have been weakened and should be assessed by a qualified structural professional.

  • When working in the buildings, wear protective clothing, boots, a face mask, protection for open wounds, eyes, nose, and mouth. After working in buildings that have been flooded, bathe and wash thoroughly with an anti-bacterial soap immediately.
  • Protective clothing

Manure/ Mortality Inside Buildings

  • Contact the NC State Veterinarian's (http://www.agr.state.nc.us/vet/) Office of NCDA before handling, removal and disposal of dead animal and bird carcasses. Rendering, incineration, composting, or burial may be appropriate disposal methods but each method has its limitations and should be approved first by the State Vet.
  • Remove wet litter from poultry buildings. Let soil in earthen floors dry before putting in new litter, to avoid saturation. New soil may need to be added to the bare or hardened (http://ohioline.osu.edu/aex-fact/0332.html) to replace saturated soil removed or subsided. Then test a small area before spreading new litter.

  • Pump or drain floodwaters and manure from collection pits underneath hog houses into lagoons or land spread. Be aware that gases may have built up to unsafe levels inside houses with manure pits. Also, agitation or disturbance of concentrated manure in storage will release high concentrations of H2S which will be unsafe for workers and animals inside buildings without adequate ventilation.

Building Preparations

  • Remove any loose wall sheeting and fiberglass insulation that has been under water.
  • Stud wall cavities that have been under water may still have water in them which will decay the wood if not allowed to drain and dry out.

  • Wash flooded walls and floors similar to the way they would be washed between groups of animals or birds to remove as much organic material as possible. Consider using a pressure washer in well ventilated areas.

  • Disinfect those areas which animals can contact by spraying with standard disinfectants. Phenolic disinfectants are good in the presence of organic compounds.

Equipment Inside Building

  • All flooded electric motors even after thorough cleaning should be checked. They may start up and run for a short period but then quit because of bearing failures, burnt-out windings, or organic matter build-up within the motor. Many may need to be replaced.

  • Flooded electrical switches, convenience outlets, light fixtures, circuit breakers and fuses should be replaced.

  • Flooded environmental controllers will probably need to be replaced.

  • Ventilation fans can probably be salvaged except for motors and bearing failures.

  • Heaters and brooders Mississippi State ext. should be checked and serviced by qualified professionals.

  • Flooded evaporative cooling pads will need to be replaced to avoid potential disease risks.

  • Dairymen who have flooded milking parlorswill need to work closely with their health inspectors and the milking equipment representatives during clean-up.

Watering System

  • Have drinking water sources tested for at least bacterial indicators, petroleum products, or any pesticides or chemicals that are known to have been stored on or near the farm. Consult with the county health department as to whether or not chlorination is required. Remember that the water may not be suitable for animals either.

  • Check and flush drinking water lines and waterers to buildings after water sources have been determined to be safe.

Photo of pigs and cows in water as deep as a cows leg.Feeding System

  • Empty flooded feed tanks and properly discard any molded or water-logged feed.

  • Remove molded feed from feed delivery lines. If lines are bent or the augurs are binding, consult feed equipment manufacturers.

  • Nutritionists should be consulted regarding feeding water damaged feed and the quality of feed in silos that have been flooded.

Lagoons

  • Proper lagoon liquid level management should be a year-round priority. Its importance is especially magnified prior to and during extended rainy and wet periods.

  • When floodwaters recede, visually check dam or embankment inside and outside for obvious signs of seepage, erosion or other damage. If there is any question about the integrity of the dam seek assistance from NRCS or their qualified soils engineer immediately.

  • Notify NC Division of Water Quality Regional Office for your area if your lagoon is overfull (liquid level above or into the 25-year, 24-hour storm storage capacity) and needs pumping. Obtain their approval before irrigating.

  • Irrigate from the lagoon until water levels are back down to below the freeboard and 25-year, 24-hour storm storage levels (normal lagoon liquid operating levels).

  • Irrigate on highest and driest fields farthest from streams or other environmentally sensitive or flooded areas.

  • At first thought, because of the excess rainfall and dilution effect, one would think the lagoon liquid nutrient levels would be lower. However, we know that any time there is an unusual storm, the wind action causes the contents of any impoundment to be mixed. In the case of lagoons, mixing or disturbance of the bottom sludge's releases some of the sludge nutrients back into the liquids. Therefore the net effect may be that liquid nutrient levels may not be any less concentrated but because of the extra volume of rainfall, there may be more total nutrients to irrigate and land apply. In the case that you may exceed your annual farm nutrient plans (also see eXtensionWhole Farm Nutrient management ) because of the extra nutrients, the Division of Water Quality will have to make the call on what they will accept from a regulatory standpoint.

  • Repair any drainpipes from the buildings to the lagoon, recycle lines or pumps and electrical connections that may have been damaged.

Irrigation and Land Application Equipment

  • Check irrigation lines, hydrants and risers for ruptures or damage that could cause leaks.
  • Flooded irrigation equipment such as travelers and center pivots systems should be inspected, cleaned, and serviced prior to operation. Gear boxes and engine drives should be cleaned and lubricants replaced. Even sealed bearings and gear boxes are vulnerable to moisture contamination when flooded for prolonged periods. Carburetors on most engine drives will need to be replaced if the engine was under water.

Potential resource material or assistance sites:

Federal and Organization Assistance

NC State University (NCSU)

State of North Carolina

Prepared by
James C. Barker1, Gerald R. Baughman1, Robert W. Bottcher1, Robert O. Evans1
Roberto D. Munilla1, J. Mark Rice1, Ronald E. Sheffield1, Philip W. Westerman1
W. Morgan Morrow2 and Jesse L. Grimes3
1Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, 2Animal Science Department, 3Poultry Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC